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<title>Technology Compatibility Kit</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Technology Compatibility Kit</span></span>

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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>A <b>Technology Compatibility Kit</b> (<b>TCK</b>) is a suite of tests that at least nominally checks a particular alleged implementation of a Java Specification Request (JSR) for compliance. It is one of the three required pieces for a ratified JSR in the Java Community Process, which are:

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<ul><li>the JSR specification</li>

<li>the JSR reference implementation</li>

<li>the Technology Compatibility Kit (TCK)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contents_and_architecture">Contents and architecture</h2></div>

<p>TCKs tend to be obtained from the Specification Lead of a given JSR. They usually (but not always) consist of a graphical host application which communicates over TCP/IP with the device or Java virtual machine that is under test. Tests are typically obtained by the device over HTTP, and results are posted back to the host application in a similar way. This decoupling enables TCKs to be used to test virtual machines on devices such as <a href="CLDC" class="mw-redirect" title="CLDC">CLDC</a> <a href="Mobile_phones" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile phones">mobile phones</a> which do not have the power to run the full TCK host application.

</p><p>The tests contained in the JSR are supposedly derived from the statements in the JSR specification. Any given API will have a set of tests to ensure that it behaves in the intended way, including in error conditions.

</p><p>In order to state conformance with a given JSR, a Java implementation has to pass the associated TCK. Any (rare) exceptions have to be negotiated with the specification lead. Because of this, TCKs are of great importance when implementing a JSR. The first great milestone is to get the TCK running in the first place, which necessarily involves the Java implementation and underlying networking stack having a certain level of maturity. Next, the TCK must be properly configured - because they must be flexible enough to cope with any implementation, there are many options. (For example, listing all the supported media formats and associated optional controls for <a href="JSR135" class="mw-redirect" title="JSR135">JSR135</a>). Particular tests also require some setup activity - this tends to be particularly complex for the tests which ensure correct behaviour in error conditions, because the Java implementation must be put in the right state to cause each error. Finally, each failing test must be fixed, which is usually handled by the usual <a href="Defect_tracking" title="Defect tracking">defect tracking</a> mechanisms.

</p><p>Some Java implementors consider their product to be mainly complete once the TCKs pass. Whilst it's true that the TCKs are quite comprehensive, there are many areas that they do not cover. These include performance, as well as the optional features. There's no alternative but to do much real-world testing to address these shortcomings, although additional test suites such as <a href="JDTS" class="mw-redirect" title="JDTS">JDTS</a> may help.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="TCK_for_the_Java_platform">TCK for the Java platform</h2></div>

<p>The Technology Compatibility Kit for a particular <a href="Java_Platform%2C_Standard_Edition" title="Java Platform, Standard Edition">Java platform</a> is called <b>Java Compatibility Kit (JCK)</b>. It is an extensive test suite used by <a href="Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle</a> and licensees to ensure compatible implementations of the platform.

</p><p>The JCK for <a href="Java_version_history#Java_SE_6" title="Java version history">Java 6.0</a> source code has been released.<sup id="cite_ref-announce_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-announce-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The associated license did not initially allow users to compile or run the tests,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the right to see the code is not associated with tainting concerns, and public comments on the source code are allowed.<sup id="cite_ref-announce_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-announce-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, since the release of <a href="OpenJDK" title="OpenJDK">OpenJDK</a>, a specific license allows running the JCK in the OpenJDK context, that is for any <a href="GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GPL</a> implementation deriving substantially from OpenJDK.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The OpenJDK Community TCK License Agreement v 2.0 has been published for the Java SE 7 Specification since December 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="TCK_framework">TCK framework</h2></div>

<p>The <a href="JavaTest_harness" title="JavaTest harness">JavaTest harness</a> tool is today the most common unit testing framework used to verify the implementation compliance. It is a general purpose testing framework designed to run TCK tests. However, some specifications are also using <a href="JUnit" title="JUnit">JUnit</a> or <a href="TestNG" title="TestNG">TestNG</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="License_and_controversy">License and controversy</h2></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="Apache_Harmony#Difficulties_to_obtain_a_TCK_license_from_Sun" title="Apache Harmony">Apache Harmony § Difficulties to obtain a TCK license from Sun</a></div>

<p>Subsequent to Sun's release of <a href="OpenJDK" title="OpenJDK">OpenJDK</a>, Sun released a specific license to permit running the TCK in the OpenJDK context for any <a href="GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GPL</a> implementation deriving substantially from OpenJDK.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>This requirement denies the <a href="Apache_Harmony" title="Apache Harmony">Apache Harmony</a> project an <a href="Apache_License" title="Apache License">Apache License</a>-compatible right to use the TCK. On November 9, 2010, the <a href="Apache_Software_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache Software Foundation">Apache Software Foundation</a> threatened to withdraw from the Java Community Process if they were not granted a TCK license for Harmony without additional restrictions.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>On December 9, 2010, the <a href="Apache_Software_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache Software Foundation">Apache Software Foundation</a> resigned its seat on the Java SE/EE Executive Committee.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="Java_Community_Process" title="Java Community Process">Java Community Process</a></li>

<li><a href="JavaTest_harness" title="JavaTest harness">JavaTest harness</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFHamilton2004" class="citation web cs1">Hamilton, Graham (2004-12-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041216032226/http://weblogs.java.net/blog/kgh/archive/2004/12/j2se_compatibil.html">"J2SE Compatibility Test Sources Released"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://weblogs.java.net/blog/kgh/archive/2004/12/j2se_compatibil.html">the original</a> on 2004-12-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-03-08</span></span>. <q><i>We have tried to make sure the license meets the reasonable needs of developers who want to evaluate the JCK sources: It's available at zero cost, through a click-through license; There is no "tainting". Once you delete your copy of the JCK, you aren't constrained in your future actions. To try to make this really clear, we included a section explicitly granting what the lawyers call "residual rights", which basically means that stuff that sticks in your head is OK to use in the future; You can publish feedback and comments publicly.</i></q></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jck.dev.java.net/">JCK project</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070708085410/https://jck.dev.java.net/">Archived</a> July 8, 2007, at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20101231042455/https://jck.dev.java.net/jck-read-only-license.txt">""READ ONLY" SOURCE LICENSE AGREEMENT, v1.0 JAVA (TM) COMPATIBILITY KIT 6a"</a>. <a href="Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a>. June 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jck.dev.java.net/jck-read-only-license.txt">the original</a> on 2010-12-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-03-08</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDarcy2008" class="citation web cs1">Darcy, Joseph (2008-03-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20110812025128/http://blogs.sun.com/darcy/entry/matching_jdk_and_jck_versions">"Matching JDK and JCK Versions"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.sun.com/darcy/entry/matching_jdk_and_jck_versions">the original</a> on 2011-08-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-03-08</span></span>. <q><i>If you're interested in running the JCK in context of OpenJDK projects, a license is available.</i></q></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openjdk.java.net/legal/openjdk-tck-license.pdf">"OPENJDK COMMUNITY TCK LICENSE AGREEMENT V 1.1"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-03-08</span></span>. <q><i>Subject to and conditioned upon its Licensee Implementation being substantially derived from OpenJDK Code and, if such Implementation has or is to be distributed to a third party, its being distributed under the GPL License, Sun hereby grants to Licensee, to the extent of Sun's Intellectual Property Rights in the TCK, a worldwide, personal, non-exclusive, non-transferable, limited license to use the TCK internally and solely for the purpose of developing and testing Licensee Implementation.</i></q></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openjdk.java.net/legal/OpenJDK-TCK_SE7_27Dec2011.pdf">"OpenJDK Community TCK license agreement V 2.0"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>openjdk.java.net</i>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130305173655/http://java.net/projects/jbatch/sources/jsr-352-git-repository/show">"Source Code Browse: jsr-352-git-repository"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://java.net/projects/jbatch/sources/jsr-352-git-repository/show">the original</a> on 2013-03-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-02-12</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openjdk.java.net/legal/openjdk-tck-license.pdf">"OPENJDK COMMUNITY TCK LICENSE AGREEMENT V 1.1"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-03-08</span></span>. <q><i>Subject to and conditioned upon its Licensee Implementation being substantially derived from OpenJDK Code and, if such Implementation has or is to be distributed to a third party, its being distributed under the GPL License, Sun hereby grants to Licensee, to the extent of Sun's Intellectual Property Rights in the TCK, a worldwide, personal, non-exclusive, non-transferable, limited license to use the TCK internally and solely for the purpose of developing and testing Licensee Implementation.</i></q></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.apache.org/foundation/entry/statement_by_the_asf_board1">Statement by the ASF Board on our participation in the Java Community Process</a>, <a href="Apache_Software_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache Software Foundation">Apache Software Foundation</a> blog, 2010-11-09</span>

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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.apache.org/foundation/entry/the_asf_resigns_from_the">The ASF Resigns From the JCP Executive Committee</a>, <a href="Apache_Software_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache Software Foundation">Apache Software Foundation</a> blog, 2010-12-09</span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060207001422/http://java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/JCPtools2/">The Java Compatibility Test Tools</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jcp.org/en/resources/tdk/">JCP Community Resources - TCK Tools</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Java_(software_platform)419" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Java_(software_platform)" title="Java (software platform)">Java (software platform)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Platforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Java_Platform%2C_Micro_Edition" title="Java Platform, Micro Edition">Java ME</a> (Micro)</li>

<li><a href="Java_Platform%2C_Standard_Edition" title="Java Platform, Standard Edition">Java SE</a> (Standard)</li>

<li><a href="Jakarta_EE" title="Jakarta EE">Jakarta EE</a> (Enterprise)</li>

<li><a href="Android_software_development#SDK" title="Android software development">Android SDK</a></li>

<li><a href="GraalVM" title="GraalVM">GraalVM</a></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oracle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Squawk_virtual_machine" title="Squawk virtual machine">Squawk</a></li>

<li><a href="Java_Development_Kit" title="Java Development Kit">Java Development Kit</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenJDK" title="OpenJDK">OpenJDK</a></li>

<li><a href="Java_virtual_machine" title="Java virtual machine">Java virtual machine</a></li>

<li><a href="JavaFX" title="JavaFX">JavaFX</a></li>

<li><a href="Maxine_Virtual_Machine" title="Maxine Virtual Machine">Maxine VM</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Platform</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Java_applet" title="Java applet">Applets</a></li>

<li><a href="Jakarta_Servlet" title="Jakarta Servlet">Servlets</a></li>

<li><a href="MIDlet" title="MIDlet">MIDlets</a></li>

<li><a href="Java_Web_Start" title="Java Web Start">Web Start</a> (JNLP)</li>

<li><a href="Java_Platform_Module_System" title="Java Platform Module System">Modules</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major<br>third-party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Blackdown_Java" title="Blackdown Java">Blackdown</a></li>

<li><a href="Eclipse_(software)" title="Eclipse (software)">Eclipse</a></li>

<li><a href="GNU_Classpath" title="GNU Classpath">GNU Classpath</a></li>

<li><a href="Apache_Harmony" title="Apache Harmony">Harmony</a></li>

<li><a href="Hibernate_(framework)" title="Hibernate (framework)">Hibernate</a></li>

<li><a href="IcedTea" title="IcedTea">IcedTea</a></li>

<li><a href="Jazelle" title="Jazelle">Jazelle</a></li>

<li><a href="Spring_Framework" title="Spring Framework">Spring</a></li>

<li><a href="Apache_Struts" title="Apache Struts">Struts</a></li>

<li><a href="Oracle_TopLink" title="Oracle TopLink">TopLink</a></li>

<li><a href="WildFly" title="WildFly">WildFly</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Java_version_history" title="Java version history">Java version history</a></li>

<li><a href="Java_Community_Process" title="Java Community Process">Java Community Process</a></li>

<li><a href="Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a></li>

<li><a href="Free_Java_implementations" title="Free Java implementations">Free Java implementations</a></li>

<li>Slogan: <i><a href="Write_once%2C_run_anywhere" title="Write once, run anywhere">Write once, run anywhere</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_JVM_languages" title="List of JVM languages">JVM<br>languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="BeanShell" title="BeanShell">BeanShell</a></li>

<li><a href="Clojure" title="Clojure">Clojure</a></li>

<li><a href="Groovy_(programming_language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Groovy (programming language)">Groovy</a></li>

<li><a href="JRuby" title="JRuby">JRuby</a></li>

<li><a href="Jython" title="Jython">Jython</a></li>

<li><a href="Kotlin_(programming_language)" title="Kotlin (programming language)">Kotlin</a></li>

<li><a href="Processing" title="Processing">Processing</a></li>

<li><a href="Rhino_(JavaScript_engine)" title="Rhino (JavaScript engine)">Rhino</a></li>

<li><a href="Scala_(programming_language)" title="Scala (programming language)">Scala</a></li>

<li><a href="Oxygene_(programming_language)" title="Oxygene (programming language)">Oxygene</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Community</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conferences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="JavaOne" title="JavaOne">JavaOne</a></li>

<li><a href="Devoxx" title="Devoxx">Devoxx</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Apache_Software_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache Software Foundation">Apache Software Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Eclipse_Foundation" title="Eclipse Foundation">Eclipse Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Java_Community_Process" title="Java Community Process">Java Community Process</a></li>

<li><a href="Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle Corporation</a></li>

<li><a href="Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a>, <a href="Sun_Microsystems_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun Microsystems Laboratories">Sun Microsystems Laboratories</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="James_Gosling" title="James Gosling">James Gosling</a></li>

<li><a href="Arthur_van_Hoff" title="Arthur van Hoff">Arthur van Hoff</a></li>

<li><a href="Urs_H%C3%B6lzle" title="Urs Hölzle">Urs Hölzle</a></li>

<li><a href="Patrick_Naughton" title="Patrick Naughton">Patrick Naughton</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> <b>Category</b> • <span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert-image noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> </span><a href="Portal%3AComputer_programming" title="Portal:Computer programming">Computer programming portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-02-05" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Technology_Compatibility_Kit&oldid=1274136847">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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